f Property of the 
IIBRARY of congress 


U. S. GOVERNMENT 
INFOIMATION PROGRAM 


"PREPARE F 0 R WIN TER" 


m mm:: 



NOV 15 

^py— f 


60VT. SOURCE 


To enlist public cooperation in a 
Government-Industry effort to provide 
adequate fuel stocks and encourage con¬ 
servation of supplies available to con¬ 
sumers. ..thus insuring each his fair 
share and safeguarding the health and 
security of the nation. 


Sponsoring Agencies: 


War Production Board 
Solid Fuels Administration for War 
Office of Defense Transportation 
Bituminous Coal Consumers Counsel 
Petroleum Administrator for War 
Office of Price Administration 
Federal Housing Administration 


Prepared by 


Coordination 
INFORMATION ' 


Office of 
U f s“esfi® OF 


1^5 


8-1094-pl-of-47-bu-co»- 








U. 3. GOVERNMENT PROGRAM 
"Prepare for Winter" 


The Problem 


America*8 war maohine has an insatiable appetite for fuels of 
all kinds. As our nation plunges ever-deeper into the global struggle, 
its demands for ooal and oil and gas and even wood and coke rise to figures 
far beyond the amounts produced, transported and distributed at normal peace¬ 
time rates. 


These unprecedented demands from war plants, railroads, utilities, 
and overseas operations unavoidably cause actual shortages in some fuels and 
threatened or potential shortages in others. At the same time, the war, with 
its transportation difficulties, manpower and equipment shortages and other 
bottlenecks, diminishes dangerously the ability of the respective industries 
to provide the necessary fuels. 

The problem, then, is* (l) to inform the consuming public as 
to the fuel facts that must be faced; (2) to invoke such early aotion as will 
help insure the production, transportation and delivery of amounts as close 
as possible to our needs; and, (3) to encourage consumers to conserve the 
supplies available for domestio use so that all may share alike and undue 
hardship may be avoided. 

Phases of the Program 

Because the necessity for stimulating the advance ordering of fuels 
is closely related with the need for heat-sealing homes to check fuel waste 
and for other measures designed to conserve fuels directly, all of these 
\speots have been wrapped together into an all-over program labelled "Prepare 
for Winter." The principal phases of this broad information program, as 
outlined herein, are* 

1. Order Coal Early 

2. Order Fuql Oil Now 

3. Save Household Gas 

4. Winterproof Your Home 

The following pages give "reasons why" behind these programs and 
suggest plans of aotion appropriate for each. 


8-15B4-p2-bu 




■ ORDER COAL EARLY" 

A phase of the U. S. Government's over-all 
■Prepare for Winter" program 





on,- • 






Solid fuels Administration for War 
Office of defense Transportation 
Bituminous °oal Consumers 1 Counsel 


Office of War Information 







-1- 


The Coal Situation 

Coal is not normally produced, transported or distributed In 
substantial quantities until after users have ordered it. 

Mines hare no facilities for storing unordered coal, railroad 
sidings cannot be blocked with tied-up cars and coal yards haven*t sufficient 
capacity, even if they could finance speculative purchases. 

This year, if consumers follow the usual pre-war practice of 
waiting until they actually need the coal before ordering it — if the usual 
seasonal lag is allowed to occur — it will be impossible to make up the lost 
ground. A real fuel emergency is thus likely to result. 

In 1942, with the country’s war effort beginning to hit its 
stride, the estimated production of bituminous coal was the highest in history - 
580,000,000 tons, ^he estimated output of anthracite, 60,000,000 tons, although 
exceeded in the "golden age" of that fuel, reached a new peak for recent years. 

But for 1943 the demands for coal will be even greater. Just to 
feed the locomotives that haul troops and munitions and the manifold cargoes 
of war-time industry, some 11,000,000 additional tons of soft coal will be 
required. Iron and steel manufacture alone is expected to demand approximately 
126,000,000 tons - about \Of> ahead of last year’s needs. Utilities are call¬ 
ing for at least 10,000,000 tons more than last year. Conversions from other 
fuels to coal have added further to the requirements. 

What to do about it 

The public can aid very materially in helping to solve the 
tremendous problems of producing such amounts of coal and getting it to the 
proper places in the face of transportation difficulties and acute manpower 
and equipment shortages all along the line. If coal consumers order their 
full requirements early, giving their dealers latitude on types of coal supplied 
and time of delivery, the Baines keep operating at capacity, the railroads are 
able to move a greater net tonnage and retailers have a chance to utilize their 
storage and delivery facilities efficiently. 

In other words, the unprecedented amounts of coal needed during 
1943 can thus be aOned, transported and delivered - and a coal crisis avoided. 
Here, then, are the appeals for action being addressed by the Government and 
the industry to the coal-consuming public: 

1. Place orders now for your entire year’s supply of coal. 

2. Accept delivery when and as your supplier can make it available 
to you. 

3. Give your dealer plenty of latitude as to the kind, grade or size 
of coal supplied, as well as on delivery schedules. 


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-2- 


The Present Program 

The Office of War Information is acting as a oentr&l coordinating 
unit for the Government agencies and Industry groups directly concerned with 
this problem, and is utilising its communication facilities to direct suitable 
messages to coal consumers, both "domestic” and "commercial"* 

information material on the "Order Coal Early" program started 
going out to the public on May 3 as part of the over-all "Get-Ready for Winter* 
effort designed to help assure an adequate supply of fuel for war-time America 
and to educate consumers on how to keep warm with less fuel when cold weather 
arrives. lews and feature stories, trade journal and magazine articles, posters, 
pamphlets, national and local radio broadcasts, direct mail pieces, space ad¬ 
vertisements and other vehicles of Information have told and will retell the 
■Order Coal Mow for Delivery During the Summer" story in conjunction with fuel 
conservation messages. 

The scope of this program is broad, for it applies equally to 
all classes of coal consumers, including householders, owners or managers of 
apartment houses, hotels, theaters, stores, museums, commercial buildings and 
others, and industrial consumers who buy coal from retailers. 

Every industry having any part in the production, shipment and 
selling of this fuel can and should participate in this "Order Coal Early" 
drive. This of course includes coal mining companies as well as coal trade 
associations, railroads, water carriers, truckers, and wholesale and retail 
coal merchants. 

Others that have an interest in the success of this undertaking 
include the manufacturers of furnaces, boilers, stoves, stokers and heat-control 
equipment, and plumbing and heating trades generally, and national and local 
municipal and business organizations (such as Chambers of Commerce, etc.) 

Any effort to avoid the distress and resentment that would arise 
from local shortages of coal is, in fact, of vital concern to a very widespread 
group. Most of the industries and trade groups affected by the coal situation 
now have channels of communication with the public established in the course 
of their regular peacetime operations. Trade-organization contacts with schools, 
civic groups and the like should also be included. The benefits of success 
in this program are widespread; the penalties for "too little and too late" 
may indeed be severe. 

PRECAUTION! Because of the tight situation in anthracite, "Order Coal 

Early" publicity efforts should not be conducted in the following 
states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 

island, Connecticut, New *ork, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, 
Maryland and District of Columbia. 


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• 3 - 


Copy Themes and Suggestions 

The desire to keep warm arises from an elemental human need* 
While an individual helps others and contributes to the nation's war effort 
by ordering coal early, the deep-rooted urge to protect himself and his 
family constitutes the primary interest that impels him to action. Hence, 
the basic appeal, the dominant theme, of the entire program, can be stated 
as simply as this: 


"KEEP WAR THIS WINTER-ORDER COAL NOW" 

Variations on this self-interest appeal may be endless. Samples: 


AVOID HEATLESS DAIS THIS WINTER—ORDER COAL NOW 

AVOID WARTIME DELAIS AND HEATLESS DAIS—ORDER COAL NOW 

COAL IN IOUR BIN THIS SOMMER—TOUR BEST ASSURANCE OF 
WARMTH NEXT WINTER 


Statements from high Government officials in positions of 
authority with regard to coal as a vital element of civilian supply also are 
available to add strength to the program. These statements will be useful 
for quotation in news stories, radio material, dealer and other space advertise¬ 
ments, direct mail, etc. 

Ordering Early Isn't "Hoarding " 

The Idea of stocking coal in consumers* bins may at first seem 
to rum contrary to recently-promoted ideas such as "Buy only what you need, 
when you need It" and "Don't hoard?. Indeed, some dealer advertisements 
last winter capitalized on this apparent contradiction by headlining their 
copy "HOARD COAL NOW". This may be carrying the situation to an extreme, 
for it requires some explanation to overcome the orginally-created miscon¬ 
ception. However, since the "Order Coal Early" theme does seem to reverse 
the usual appeal for conservation, headings such as the following, with 
appropriate explanations, might be used to forestall confusion: 

"Order Coal Early - It*6 Patriotic to Prepare for Winter Now" 

"Orders Placed Now Help Increase the Coal Supply" 

■Ordering and Storing Coal isn't ’Hoarding’" 

"Tou Protect Tourself and Help Win the War — Order Coal Now" 


Further information on the "Order Coal Early" program may be secured by 

writing the Office of Program Coordination, OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION, Room 3453, 
Social Security Building, Washington, D. C. 

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CONSERVATION OF COAL 


With demand up and production lower than had been hoped for early 
in 1943, it is now evident that real shortages of coal may develop in various 
localities next winter. 

This is particularly true of anthracite, produced in a limited area 
of Pennsylvania but used extensively throu^iout the New England and Middle 
Atlantic States, primarily for home heating. 

It is expected that a broad-scale Government information program to 
conserve coal (among other fuels and industrial materials) by direct methods 
will get underway later in the year. 

In the meantime, obviously the best way to promote conservation of 
coal is to encourage the heat-sealing of homes to cut fuel waste and the con¬ 
ditioning of furnaces to insure top efficiency. Detailed information on the 
recommended steps is included under the "Winterproof Tour Home” program, out¬ 
line of which forms a section of this plan book. 

In preparing news stories, radio material, and other information on 
such points when the specific fuel to be saved is coal, it may be desirable 
to incorporate basic data about the supply situation. Hence, statements sum¬ 
marizing the problems in both anthracite and bituminous will be found as 
appendices in the back of this booklet. 

Also included, for use in areas where wood is an important source of 
domestic heat, is a basic statement of the situation in that fuel. 


8-1894-p7-*>u 



U. S. GOVERNMENT 
INFORMATION PROGRAM 

"Order Fuel Oil Now* 


Sponsored by i 


Offiee ef Price Administration 
Petroleum Administrator for War 
Offioe of War Information 





U. S. GOVERNMENT PROGRAM 


"Order Fuel Oil Now" 


The Supply Situation 

As Amerioa goes into its third winter of war, the fuil oil pioture 
again looks ominous* 

Huge quantities of petroleum produots are required to support our 
overseas operations and to keep the wheels turning on the industrial front 
at home* The railroads are again being called upon to perform heroio jobs 
of overland transport. And a new transportation bottleneck now looms — 
the shortage of delivery trucks and truck drivers. 

Just how much fuel oil will be available for civilian consumption 
depends upon such variables as the course of military offensive operationsj 
how well the transportation difficulties oan be solved; demands for the 
manufacture of chemical products such as synthetic rubber and TNT; the 
weather, etc* etc. But one thing is .certain* the average fuel oil user 
will have to get along with considerably less than he'd normally use. In 
other words, rationing is with us again. 

What's Being Done 


Little need be said about the efforts being put forth by the oil 
companies, the rail and pipeline concerns, and the responsible Government 
agencies to move the required amount of oil to the necessary places; that 
story is well known. 

The new and simplified rationing procedure set-up by OPA for this 
year likewise is being widely publicised, and it is expected that with the 
benefit of previous experience, many of the difficulties suffered last season 
may be avoided. 

Briefly summarized, the 1943-44 rationing program to be instituted 
in 33 states and D.C. is expected to* 

1. Give householders renewal rations by mail without personal 
registration. 

2. Permit the use of a substantial portion of next season's 
coupons beginning in July. 

3. Automatically raise rations, in certain small homes. 

4. Greatly simplify the paper work and delivery problems of 
fuel oil dealers and primary suppliers. 

I , 

Over and beyond the foregoing things that are being done to ease the 
burden, it must be recognized that a homeowner cannot use oil that doesn't exist 
or cannot be delivered to him. Hence, the obvious move is to take steps while 


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-2- 


the weather is still mild to make sure that he will be able to get along with 
less without undue hardship. The "Winterproof Your Horae" information program 
as summarised elsewhere in this plan book, has been oarried on through a variety 
of media sinoe early in May. Suooess of these "stitah in time" efforts may 
be measured by the demands for heat-sealing products such as insulation, 
weatherstripping, storm sash, eto. — which many suppliers report to be the 
highest in history for the noraally-dull summer months. 

However, as with ooal, timely action on the part of the consumer 
in laying in a supply of the fuel itself will help materially to relieve the 
situation this winter. 

The Job for Information 


After fuel oil users have sent in their application forms and re¬ 
ceived back their ration coupons (a prooess which probably will have been 
completed in every locality by August 1 at the latest), they should be urged 
strongly to ORDER FUEL OIL NOW — to the extent of tank oapaoity or available 
ooupons• 


"Reasons why" are as followst 

1. By ordering fuel oil now, consumers can be assured of 
having a supply on hand when the first cold spell arrives, which 
may be unexpectedly. 

2. Early ordering will help break transportation and manpower 
bottlenecks which occur when everyone waits until the last minute, 
then all try at the same time to get their supplies. Permits ef¬ 
ficient scheduling of deliveries. 

3. By getting oil delivered to the home-heating market in ad¬ 
vance, consumers tanks may be utilized as a primary storage reservoir, 
freeing the tanks of producers and distributors to store oil for over¬ 
seas operations or later demands from the home front. 

Summarizing ! 

As soon as you get your fuel oil ration coupons — and you should 
have them early in July — call your fuel oil dealer and place your order. 
Don’t demand immediate delivery...let your dealer schedule his trips to 
save manpower and tires. Order now, and he will deliver to the extent 
of your tank capacity or available coupons in plenty of time. By so doing 
you protect yourself and your family, and your hard-pressed dealer, and 
help win the war. 

In addition to the "Order Fuel Oil Now" phase of the fuel problem, 
a need exists for explaining why fuel oil rationing is necessary and desirable 
for all; how the plan works; and how consumers can protect themselves by 
utilizing their rations in such a way as to make them last and still keep warm. 
This phase of the program is being carried on primarily by the Office of Price 


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-3- 


Administration, and further information may be obtained by writing the OPA Cam¬ 
paigns Division, Federal Office Building, Washington, 

Finally, the phase concerned with preparing houses so as to eliminate 
heat losses and consequent fuel wastage is set forth in the section of this plan 
book headed M Winterproof Your Home." 




8-1694-pll-bu 



u. S. GOVERNMENT 
INFORMATION PROGRAM 

"Sava Household Gaa" 


Sponsored by 


War Production Board 
(Office of War Utilities Division) 


Presented by 

Office of Program Coordination 
OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION 





U. S. GOVERNMENT PROGRAM 
"Save Household Gas" 


The Problems 

Shortages of natural and manufactured gas are expected to be more 
severe next winter than they were last, for two main reasons* 

1. War production will be greater, requiring more gas than the already 
heavy consumption by war industries. 

2. Transportation is expected to be even tighter than last winter, 
affecting the supply of the two products used in the manufacture of gas — oil 
and coal. 

Every effort will be made by natural gas companies who have the facilities 
to store all the gas they can this summer. That will help out next winter. In 
addition, some pipeline interconnections will be made this summer which will bring 
increased supplies of gas to companies in tight areas. 

Manufactured gas companies cannot avail themselves of similar help. The 
average manufactured gas company has practioally no storage capacity - as a rule 
such capacity amounts to a one day’s supply - and the shortage of metal would 
prevent expansion of storage facilities even if it were practical. Of course, 
all the companies will fill their oil tanks and coal yards this summer, if they 
can get the oil and coal, but even that won’t amount to a great deal. 

The manufactured gas territory is centered in New England, along the 
Eastern seaboard, and in the Pacific northwest - roughly the same as the oil- 
rationed areas. Therefore, the same problems that confront the oil consumer confront 
the user of manufactured gas. The situation is as bad for one type of consumer as 
for the other, and therefore the two should receive comparable consideration. 

Indeed, the gas situation may affeot the greater number for more people 
heat their homes by gas than by oil, and millions more cook by gas than heat by 
gas or oil. 


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-2- 


Consequences of Shortage 

If a gas "outage" occurs (resulting from abnormal drops in gas pressure 
in the distribution) war plants may have to shut down; houses heated by gas 
may go cold, resulting In broken water pipes, discomfort and possible illness 
to the community; gas ranges, water heaters and refrigerators may become use¬ 
less until gas oan be restored in the mains* 

Once a gas failure has actually occurred, it might take weeks to restore 
service. The gas company must send a representative to every home it serves 
to cut off the gas at the meter. Before gas is restored, pressure must be 
built up in the lines to eliminate any air pockets, and the company representa¬ 
tive must again visit every home to check gas appliances to see that all jets 
are turned off. They must then turn on the gas at the meter and light pilot 
lights under the appliances. 

What To Do About It 

The only way to alleviate the situation next winter is to put on a fuel 
conservation campaign in time to do the most good. 

The first and broadest step is to get people who heat with gas to nake 
their homes as heat-tight as possible. (This phase is oovered in detail under 
"Winterise Your Home" in the final section of this booklet). 

Then, when cold weather actually arrives an information drive should 
be undertaken on the economical use of gas for both heating and cooking, with 
special emphasis on what should be done during the emergency shortage period. 

Gas cannot be orderedcrdelivered ahead of use (as can coal) and there 
is no adequate way in which its consumption can be restricted except by 
voluntary action on the part of domestic users. Since the supply of gas to 
vital war plants must not be curtailed, the cut must come from household • 


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-3- 


consumers when extremely low temperature brings on "peak days" of abnormally high 
demand. 

Following are the principal points that should be stressed to the public 
when these emergency situations arrive* 

1. IF YOU COOK WITH GAS....Don't use oven for any purpose. Use one top 
burner, and then only for essential purposes. (Use prepared foods to greatest 
extent possible). Don't use range or oven burners for heating rooms . 

2. IF YOU HEAT WATER WITH GAS...Turn off your hot water heater, whether 
or not automatic. If you must have some hot water, heat it on a top burner. 

Avoid taking hot baths or showers during emergency period. Wash entire day's 
dishes at one time.•.postpone home laundry until after the emergency••.don't 
leave hot water running. 

3. IF YOU USE GAS FOR HOME HEATING....Close off all rooms not absolutely 
needed. Keep windows and doors closed until emergency is over. Use fireplace, 
electric heaters, etc. as much as possible. Set thermostat at maximum of 60 degrees. 
Pull down shades at night and during day exoept when it is sunny. 

Long-range Programs 

Although gas is widely used as a household fuel, emergency conservation 
programs of the type outlined above obviously need be conducted only at the 
time crisis conditions brought about by cold snaps actually arrive. 

However the supply of gas in many localities leaves little margin for safety, 
and it is highly desirable in such places to conduct a consistent oampaign for the 
education of the consumer in the efficient use of gas. Factual material for such 
use is generally in the hands of local utilities. The latter concerns, working 
with newspaper, radio and other informational outlets and enlisting the support of 
agencies handling materials for 'winterising* homes, can well form the nucleus for 
cooperative programs in their areas. 


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-4- 


Long-range conservation programs of this type naturally will rely heavily 

on promotion of the "make your house heat-tight" theme. The following statement 

from the Foreword of a portfolio containing advertising material used in the 

Pittsburgh area provides a "case history" illustratior of such a project* 

"Early in 1942 the Natural Gas Companies Serving the Greater 
Pittsburgh Area, cooperating with the Power Branch of the 
War Production Board, began a program of advertising to 
educate the public to conserve Natural Gas, using the Theme* 
f Natural Gas is Vital to War industries — Use it Wisely 1* 

The first series of advertisements began in January and ran 
through March. 

"In the summer, the fuel conservation advertising campaign was 
resumed — this time in the form of a specific drive to sell 
the use of home insulation, storm sash and doors, weatherstripping 
and oaulking as a practical means of saving fuels. 

"To assure maximum effectiveness of this advertising campaign, 
the Gas Companies solicited — and received -- the cooperation 
of manufacturers and dealers handling insulation, storm sash and 
weatherstripping. The result was a cooperative campaign — 
from early August through November — whose effectiveness was 
many times what it would have been had this active dealer support 
not been secured.....The net result of this cooperative campaign 
was a tremendous increase in the number of insulated, storm win¬ 
dowed and weather-stripped homes in the Pittsburgh district — 
which in turn will mean a substantial saving in the use of 
Natural Gas as well as other fuels." 

Emergency Programs 

All the major "what to do" points needed as the basis for an emergency 
program in any community are incorporated under the three headings listed in 
the first part of this statement. 

These points can be stressed in local publicity and advertising for news¬ 
papers, radio, direct mail, outdoor and other media. In addition, various 
government suggestions for the use of such channels of information are expected 
to be available by the time cold weather arrives. Simply write the Office of 
Program Coordination, OWI, Washington, D. C. 


8- 1594-p16-bu 




U. S. GOVERNMENT 


INFORMATION PROGRAM 


"Wlnterproof Your Home" 


A phase of the all-over program 
"Prepare for Winter" 


Sponsored by 

War Production Board 
(Conservation Division) 


Presented by 

Office of Program Coordination 
OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION 







"wintsbfboof tour wm n 


U. S. Government Information Program to Promote the 

Heat-Sealing of Houses to Conserve lUel, and to 

Safeguard Health and Comfort this Winter 


There undoubtedly will be a serious fuel shortage next winter. This fact 
must be faced non by every individual. 

let, to maintain national health and morale, people must be enabled to live 
in reasonable comfort during the winter months. Whether or not this can be 
achieved may well influence the course of the war. The only way it ran be 
achieved is by means of a national fuel conservation program. Such a program 
has been formulated and conducted through Office of War Information facilities 
under the title "Prepare Now for Next Winter." A basic phase of that all-over 
effort is the "Winterproof Your Home" program, sponsored by the Conservation 
Division of the War Production Board, and outlined in the following pages. 

Primary objective of the campaign is to make every lump of coal, every gallon 
of oil, every unit of heating gas do maximum work to get more usable heat from 
the fuel that will be available. This thou^it is summarized ih the campaign 
slogan, "Keep Warn with Less Fuel this Winter." Hence the effectiveness of 
every measure taken to meet the fuel shortage will depend upon the condition 
of homes that require heating. Action must be taken now to prepare the nation*s 
homes for the inevitable fuel problem ahead. 

The Government is making every effort to help meet this emergency. Materials 
needed to heat-seal the home, thou^i not plentiful, are generally available. 

No WPB permit is required to begin work on their installation, and the Federal 
Housing Administration, operating throu^i banks and other qualified lending 
institutions will help finance the work. 


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Die following is intended as a working manual of non-technical information 
on the materials needed and methods recommended for M winterproofing M residential 
and other "buildings to conserve fuels. It has been prepared primarily for the 
use of information people and groups in a position to sponsor a vitally-needed 
program calling for timely action. 

NATURE OF THE E BQBUM 

This is a conservat ion job. The only way to assure a comfortable and 
healthful interior at a minimum consumption of fuel is to prepare for winter 
now by "heat-sealing” the home. 

Die problem is national in scope — but local in its solution. Since it 
comes down to every home in the nation, it becomes a direct responsibility of 
every home owner. All local groups, therefore, are duty-bound to safeguard 
the health and well-being of their communities by stressing consistently from 
now on the very real urgency of this problem. Only the most intensive and 
persistent educational steps can succeed in overcoming the natural inclination 
of people to postpone preparations for winter until winter is upon them. 

Manpower to do the work and transportation to carry the materials, already 
limited, are rapidly becoming more so. Unless the work required on millions 
of American homes is spread over the summer and early fall months, much of it 
will not be done at all. 

Therefore every possible means must be used to persuade the public that 
heat-sealing their homes is a prime wartime duty to be performed without further 
delay. "MVa the selling of War Bonds, selling the necessity of heat-sealing 
homes calls for the whole-hearted cooperation of city clubs, organized local 
war groups, local newspapers, contractors, architects, building supply, dealers 
and hardware people as well as broader educational media such as national and 
sectional advertisers, national and trade distribution associations, national 



- 3 - 


and local radio directors, magazine and newspaper writers, lecturers, etc. 

Public schools can and should actively participate in this program. 

Fuel conservation is an eminently practical topic for physical science, domestic 
or home science, and the manual training classes. Students should be urged 
to apply their training to their own homes and to the school building itself, 
as well as to other structures in the community which offer good examples 
of inadequate heat-sealing. 

THE HOME AS A “HEAT EEEAINEE" 

To obtain maximum benefit from every unit of fuel burned, the heat generated 
by any fuel must be "sealed” or retained within the home. Approximately the 
£Sm comfort may be enjoyed from burning less, fuel if the heat from that fuel 
is forced to work by being sealed within the house for a longer period of 
time — made to work longer. 

WHf MOST HOMES AREN'T HEAT-SEALED 

Practically all home-building except for war workers has ceased for the 
duration. If we were not at war, nowever. heat-sealed homes could be built 
today at a very moderate increase of cost over that of unprotected homes. For 
in recent years, new product developments and construction techniques have greatly 
increase^ the effectiveness of heat-sealing methods, while de^reasing their 
cost. Most American homes were built when heat-resistant construction was more 
costly than it is now, and little consideration was given to heat-sealing. 

Hence most houses today have numerous heat "leaks." However, modem materials 
and methods enable the home owner to "plug" these leaks at relatively small 
cost and the fuel-savings thereby realized will defray the expense. 


8-1894-p20-bu 



- 4 - 

HOW TO HEAT-SEAL THE HOME 

There are 9 major points of attack in the prepare for winter campaign. 
They represent the 9 steps which most he taken by individual home owners to 
provide marlmnm comfort with the minimum fuel used throughout the coming 


winter. Biey are: 


a) 

Heat-seal attic floor or roof. 

(3) 

Heat-seal walls whenever practicable. 

(3) 

Weatherstrip all windows and doors. 

(4) 

Calk cracks. 

(5) 

Equip home with storm windows and doors. 

(6) 

Equip home with winter vestibules. 

(?) 

Heat-seal walls dividing off unused or 
rarely-used parts of the house. 

(8) 

Heat-seal the ceilings of unheated base¬ 
ments and cellars. 

0) 

Heat-seal parts of the home ! s heating equipment 


In the following pages, these 9 steps are presented in order. Each step 
is first approached by indicating the. aflturfl of ihfi. heat lQfifi. Then appropriate 
hAat-flflpUnff materials are listed and correct methods of application explained. 


PRECAUTIONS 


When applying insulating materials consideration must he given to the 
amount of moisture or humidity that will he present within the home. 
Wherever practicable, vapor harriers — water-resistant building 
papers of various kinds — should he placed between the heat-sealing 
material and. the inside surfacing, usually the plaster, of the ceil¬ 
ing or walls. This can he done readily in new structures, hut is 
usually i mp ossible in the walls of completed buildings. Where vapor 
harriers are not used, the humidity within the house should be kept 
to the minimum consistent with good living conditions to avoid the 
possibility of difficulties developing in the wall structure itself. 


8-1594-pai-bu 






^ 5 ~ 

1. HEAT SEAL UTIC FLOOR. OR BOOT 

a, Nature of heat lots. Heat ad air rises. Unless the roof is heat-resistant, 
therefore, the entire house acts as a flue for the upward flow and escape of 
heat produced on the lower floors. The fuel which can he saved during an 
average heating season by heat-sealing the attic floor or roof is indicated 
by the following table: 


m SAVINGS FOR EVERT 100 SQUARE TEST OF HEAT-SEALED ATTIC FLOOR OR BOOF 
(Based on use of higiv-efficiency insulation) 


Portland, Maine Boston 

Sflltf Torts 


Gallons of oil 

23 to 36 18 to 30 

16 to 27 

14 to 23 

Pounds of coal 

462 to 766 378 to 630 

336 to 567 

289 to 483 

Ou. ft. of gas 

5,302 to 8,712 4,356 to 7,260 

3,872 to 6,413 

3,328 to 5,566 


All types of roof construction are guilty of wasting heat. Even the best 
structural materials permit the waste of fuel to such a degree that heat-seal¬ 
ing soon pays for itself in fuel savings #ien used with those materials. 
b. Materials to be used. Open attic floors or roof areas can be heat-sealed 
with many types of material. These materials include: mineral wools, usually 
in loose granule or batt form; granulated or compressed cork; expanded mica; 
chemically treated fiber material made of wood, cotton, paper etc.; insulating 
fiber boards in sheet form made from fibers of wood, cornstalks, sugar cane, 
etc., and other materials. Some of these materials and others, such as paper 
and some grasses are made in the form of strips or blankets. 

lhe kind and type of material the owner selects depends on what the 
market affords prevailing constructural conditions, whether he will do the 
work himself or have it applied professionally, and the cost. Althougi any 
heat-sealing material is better than none, the better materials correctly 


8-1394-p32-bu 










- 6 - 


applied, in proper amounts or thickness, are well worth their slight additional 
cost whenever the owner can afford them. 

c. Methods to he em plo y ed. Die roof of the house should first he carefully- 
checked for loose shingles, slates, or any openings not needed or not properly 
protected. Various types of roofing are available despite war shortages, and 
defective roofs should be repaired. Competent roofing people should be con¬ 
sulted if any extensive repair work is necessary. 

2. HBAI-SEAL WALLS WHMEVUR HLACTICABLE 

a. Nature~-of heat loss . The air in the walls of buildings, particularly of 
frame construction, is of little use as an insulator because the large spaces 
where it is confined permit circulation of the air which loses heat by contact 
with the outside wall surface or through cracks in it. By sealing up the 
walls similar results to those obtained with roofs or attic floors will be 
gained, but to a somewhat different extent. 

b. Materials tn be need. The same materials recommended for the attic floor 
or roof may also be used for heat-sealing walls unless the walls are of solid 
masonry or concrete. Owners of such buildings are accordingly limited to the 
other heat-sealing steps described herein. 

c. Methods to be employed. In homes already built, only certain types of 
insulating materials are adaptable for walls. These consist largely of the 
type that can be introduced by making small outside openings througi which 
fill types of insulating materials are efficiently blown into the wall spaces. 
Openings are then closed without leaving a noticeable trace of where they 
were nade. If the wall structure permits, other types of insulation — batt, 
blanket or granular — can be poured or packed into the wall from the attic or 
other open space above. The rigid board type may be used as an inside lining 

or, with asphalt coating and mineral grannie surfacing, as an outside covering. 

8-1894-|>23-1>u 






- 7 - 


lor test results, the person installing the material should observe 
standards of practice already set up by the leading manufacturers and appli¬ 
cators of such materials. All wall space must be filled and much of the 
effectiveness of the job depends on the integrity and ability of those 

responsible for doing the work. 

3 . WEATHERSTRIP ALL WINDOWS AND DOORS 

a. Nature? of heat loss. The crack which runs around an average window totals 
a space which is equal to the size of a common brick. In the average home 
this means a total open space of 22 bricks — or an opening as large as an 
ordinary kitchen sink. 

Hence it is obvious why heat lost throu^i these cracks around windows and 
doors is one of the top factors in fuel waste. This heat loss may average 
approximately 25 percent in some eases. The cracks in many homes are so large 
that they are one of the commonest sources of drafts, especially when strong 
winds are blowing. Winter soot, rain, snow, and summer dust also find easy 
access to the home throu^i these openings. Such openings around windows and 
doors can be sealed with weatherstripping. 

b. Materiftifl tr> bp Tined- The most common type of weatherstrip materials are 
sine, copper, felt, and wood. Metal types are preferred for durability and 
permanence. Copper weatherstripping cannot be purchased for the duration, 
but some zinc types are available. Althou^i certain regulations now restrict 
the manufacture of zinc weatherstripping also, there are substantial stocks of 
finished strips in the hands of dealers in many localities throu^i the country. 
These dealer* are also offering some plastic weatherstrips viiich, it is claimed, 
will augment the supply of zinc strips still available. 


8-1594-p24-bu 




- 8 - 

c. Methods to be employed. 'When used on wood casements, weatherstripping 
is nailed in or over the cracks 'between the window sash and window frame; 
the same is true on doors and door frames. For metal frame windows, the 
weatherstripping must be attached with a special cement. Since the correct 
installation of weatherstripping is very important, it is advisable to seek 
professional advice if metal is used; other types made of wood, or felt may¬ 
be successfully applied without such assistance. 

Some special tapes have been developed that can be applied on the inside 
of window sash to seal cracks against heat escape. These tapes may be used 
on either or both sash but the sash on which it is used cannot be opened. 

An important use of protective tape is around large windows such as those 
in stores, schools, theatres, churches, etc. In the average home, there are 
generally several windows that can be sealed in this manner after deciding 
which windows should be left l, movable ,, for ventilation purposes. 

4, hAT.v CRACKS 

a., Wat nrnf hent loss. In any home, normal deterioration and "settling” 
results in a variety of open joints and cracks in materials through which 
heat may escape. But more important than these are the cracks that occur 
wherever smooth wood or metal adjoin rou^i masonry such as concrete foundations 
or walls of brick, stone, stucco, etc. Locating these cracks calls for sharp, 
close, scrutiny and it is essential that all openings be located and effectively 
sealed to prepare for winter. 

ft -hfl naed. All structural crevices and joints leak air as well 

as dirt and rain. To seal them properly requires a material that remains 
elastic and will not crumble when a crack changes in size as it does from 


8- 1594-p25-t>u 





- 9 - 


summer to winter. Such materials,, known as calking compounds, remain 
elastic, adhere to every kind of building materials, are waterproof and 
weather resistant. They can be purchased at hardware stores and building 
supply dealers and are applied with a putty knife or calking gun. Where 
not exposed to the weather chemically treated crimped paper may be used. 
c. Methods to be employ ed. The home remedies which may be considered as 
temporary calking measures include the filling of these cracks with oakum, 
felt, paper, etc. Ordinary putties, cement and mortar, however, should not 
be used because they dry out, then crack and crumble away under constant 
expansion and shrinkage. 

Before applying regular calking compounds, care must be exercised 
to clean away dirt and grit to fill the opening and obtain a neat appearance. 
When in doubt, get in touch with a local calking firm who knows how to do it. 
The operation is relatively inexpensive. 

and 

In addition to openings caused by "settling"/those which occur where 
wood or metal adjoin masonry, other points that should be checked are the 
joints around outside package delivery boxes, built-in wall iceboxes, coal 
chutes, and points where piping and wiring enter the house. Windows 
permanently shut can be calked \diere the window fits into the frame, or 
tape may he used as above described; these methods will save the expense 
of weatherstrips. 

5. EQJJIP HOME WITH STCEM WINDOWS AND DOORS 
—Kafaarg. o £..heat loss* Glass is a rapid conductor of heat. The many square 
feet of window panes in the average home are therefore one of the prime 
factors in heat loss. This loss can be reduced as much as 50 percent by 


8-1594-P26-bu 




- 10 


the use of storm windows which create a relatively dead air space between 
the two layers of glass. Fuel savings thereby realized are indicated in 
the following table: 


RIEL SAVINGS FOR EVERT 10 SQJJABE FEET OF STORM WINDOWS 



Portland. Maine 

Boston 

S ex. Xoafc 


Gallons of oil 

n 

9 

8 

7 

Pounds of coal 

234 

190 

171 

145 

Ou. ft. of gas 

2,571 

2,194 

1,966 

1,664 


Storm windows are effective heat savers on any house but particularly 
so on those that are air conditioned or are exposed to wind. Wind not only 
increases infiltration, it also rapidly ''wipes away" heat that is escaping 
througi the glass itself. 

b. Material a t n be need . Althou^i some metal storm windows will be avail¬ 
able this year, wood storm windows will be much easier to obtain for all 
types of windows, including metal casements. 

c. Methods to be employed. Storm windows should be tightly fitted with 
clearances of not over l/8 inch on each edge to permit the wood of the 
storm windows to swell during wet weather. 

It is customary to "fix" storm windows by screwing them in place but 
for windows of certain rooms, such as bedrooms, they are equipped with inex¬ 
pensive operating hardware to permit opening and closing for added ventila¬ 
tion when needed. 


8-1594-p27-bu 










11 - 


Ventilation to control condensation between windows when the outer 
sash is tightly fixed in place may he provided throu^i covered ventilators 
furnished with the storm sash or by boring small holes in their bottom and 
top rails, For the best results, the inner or house window should be 
tighter than the storm window to prevent as much as possible the inside 
humidity from leaking into the air space. This can best be accomplished 
by having house windows weatherstripped. 

If only a limited number of storm windows can be purchased, they should 
be put on heated rooms commonly used, and on the sides of the house exposed 
to prevailing winds. Whenever possible, of course, they should be put at 
every window opening, 

6. B$JIP HOME WITH WINTER VESTIBULES 

a. Nature of heat loss . When exterior doors open directly on fully heated 
rooms, blasts of cold air enter the home each time the door is opened. 

The resulting heat loss is considerable, especially if the door is on the 
windy side of the house or is frequently used by members of the family, 
particularly small children who are constantly going in and out. 

b. Materials to be used . Winter vestibules are usually simple in design, 
of wood construction and have a conventional door at the outside entrance, 

c. Methods to be emp lo y ed. The vestibule should be built large enou^i so 
that the outside door may be closed before the house door itself is opened, 
otherwise, most of the benefit of the taaporary entrance is lost. The 
outside vestibule door, as well as the house floor, and any vestibule windows, 
should be fitted tightly and for severe exposures, suitably weatherstripped. 


8-1594-p28-b 





12 - 


7, HEAT-SEAL WALLS DIVIDING OFF UNUSED OR RARELY-USED 

PARTS OF THE HOUSE 

a. Nature of heat loss. Although there may not he radiators or hot air 
registers within rarely-used parts of the house, even the little heat 
allotted to these areas is quickly lost unless they are heat-sealed. 

b. Materials tn he used. The same materials are to he used as those 
employed in heat-sealing other parts of the house. 

c. Methods to he aqploved . Unused rooms should he definitely closed off 
from the rest of the house so far as heating is concerned. Weatherstrip 
inside doors leading to these areas where practicable. Calk points where 
these areas join the house. 

Occasionally-used areas should he heat-sealed in the same manner as 
the rest of the house. 

Heated garages should not only he kept at the minimum temperature neces¬ 
sary to safety of the automobile hut their windows and doors should he 
weather stripped and calked. 

8. HEAT-SEAL THE CEILINGS OF UNHEATED BASEMENTS, CELLARS 

AND OTHER SPACES UNDER THE HOUSE 

a. Nature nf hrat Toss . If the basement is not used for living purposes, 
it should not he heated. It should he sealed off as conpletely as possible 
from the rest of the house. Similar precautions should he taken where no 
basement exists. Unless this is done, the floor of the rooms above will 
he cold and heat from those rooms lost to the basement. Where there is no 
basement, enclosed spaces under the house are usually vented. Unless the 
floors above are heat-sealed as before noted, such vents should he closed 
in severe weather. 


8-1594-P28-bu 






~ 13 - 


b. Mater ials to be used . The same as those used in heat-sealing other 
parts of the house. 

c. Methods to he eay>loye(L The basement ceiling should he heat-sealed. 

Doors to the basement should be weatherstripsed. 

If the basement is used for living purposes, basement windows should 
be weather stripped or provided with storm sash and calked. Whenever practic¬ 
able, basement walls should also be heat-sealed. Doors from a heated basement 
to the heat part of the house should be left open. 

9. HEAT SEAL PASTS OF THE HOME'S HEATING B^JIPMIUT 
a*—Nature of heat loss. A great amount of heat can be lost by radiation 
from hot vater tanks, hot air ducts steam and water heating and boiler pipes 
and furnaces unless they are properly covered with heat-sealing materials 
or “jackets.” 

k.—Materials to be used. Insulating jackets for water tanks and pipe and 
duct covering can be purchased from building supply dealers, 

XL.—Methods to be emp loyed . As a general rule, the covering of heating 
boilers and similar equipment with asbestos cement must be done by profes¬ 
sionals. Steam and hot water pipes should be covered unless radiation from 
than is used to heat the space through which they run. The same general 
rule applies to hot water tanks, not air ducts, boilers and furnaces. 

NOTE: Conversion of domestic oil-fired equipment to the use 
of coal is not being generally urged by the Government for 
the 1943-44 heating season. 


8- 159 4-p 30-bu 







- 14 


THE PROBLEM OP LARGE BUILDINGS 

Office buildings, schools, churches, auditoriums and public and other 
similar buildings are major fuel eaters in every community. All should be 
carefully checked and heat-sealed wherever practical. 

Intermittently-heated buildings, such as the nation's 255,000 churches, 
present a special heating problem. If they are heat-sealed, less fuel will 
be needed to bring them up to the required temperature. Churches with 
hi^i ceilings and an unprotected roof should be surveyed for possible 
heat-sealing. All large windows should be carefully checked to see that 
glass, particularly leaded glass, and window sash fit ti^itly. All crevices 
and loose masonry around the windows should be repaired or calked. Weather¬ 
stripping church doors and windows is particularly important. 

WORK CAN BE EHA FINANCED 

Through over 5,000 banks, buildings and loan associations, and 
finance companies located throu^iout the country, IHA-insured financing 
is available for the installation of heat-sealing materials and for the 
conversion of heat equipment to the use of other types of fuel. 

Financing : Terras; no dove, payment; 3 years to pay. Loans are available 
to property owners whose credit is acceptable to lending institutions. No 
security, no endorsers or co-makers required. The charge of these loans 
may not exceed the rate established by the Federal Government. 

Materials Covered : (l) Loose-fill, blanket or batt type material, or 
insulated board, within existing structures. (2) Storm windows, storm 
doors, or weatherstripping. (3) Materials used in the conversion of 
heating equipment to the use of other types of fuel. (Loans on these 

materials for the above-mentioned purposes are specifically excepted from 


8-1694-P31-bu 




- 15 - 


restrictions on consumer credit imposed "by the Federal Reserve Board by 
Amendment 6 to Regulation W). 

Summer Plan: To facilitate prompt action by home owners on these wartime fuel 
saving measures, many FHA-insured lending institutions are offering a special 
plan of financing. Under this plan, a property owner may borrow money this 
spring or summer for heat-sealing or heating plant conversion and begin pay¬ 
ments when the heating season begins next fall. 

In many homes a complete job can be done for comparatively little money 
and fuel savings realized will defray the cost in only a few heating seasons. 

HEAT-SEALING MEANS SUMMER COMFORT TOO 

The same materials and methods which keep heat inside the house during 
cold weather also serve to keep heat as well as dust and soot out aide the 
house during hot weather. This consideration may be used as an additional 
argument for persuading home owners to prepare for winter during the hot 
summer months. 

CAUTIONS 

Homa owners should exercise great care in buying heat-sealing materials. 
Whenever possible these materials should be of a quality that will yield a 
maximum saving in fuel. 

l£££l dealers and applicators handling heat-sealing materials are 
responsible for the effectiveness of the materials they sell. They form 
a large established group of films that are ready to cooperate and serve. 

Their recommendations on idnd, extent, and method of using heat-sealing 
treatments should be sought and given due consideration when work of this 
kind is contemplated; cost should not be the controlling factor. 


8-1594-p32-b 




WHEN WINTER COMES 


• • • 


Additional heat-conservation steps 
that should be taken before 
oold weather strikes 


After the home has been winter-oonditioned to a high degree of efficiency, 
there are several measures that oan be taken by the home owner himself 
just as the oold season oomes on, and during the winter, to save addi¬ 
tional heat. For the most part these measures are very simple, oan be 
applied in part or in whole by everyone, and should be observed in 
every home . 

On the House Itself... 


1. Install storm windows and storm doors earlier than usual so that 
you will catoh the first oold days that oome without warning. Leave 
them up in the spring until you are sure that the oold weather has 
passed. 

2. Tape the upper sash of all windows, and both sashes on windows 
that will not be used. Cover the inside of unused windows (in closets, 
empty rooms, etc.) with heavy paper, corrugated cardboard, or insulation 
board. 

3. Close off unused rooms, and turn off the heat, preparing the connec¬ 
ting doors into the house so as to be as heat-tight as possible (But 
check with an expert before closing off whole sections to be sure the 
heating system isn’t thrown off balance). 

4. Seal crevices around the edges and plug keyholes on outside doors 
that need not be used during the winter months. 

5. Remove screens and decorative covers from radiators so that all 
heat spreads directly into the room. Do not pile books on a radiator. 
Avoid placing davenports, shelves, or other sizeable pieces of furni¬ 
ture in front of or around the radiator, as these will serve to prevent 
the heat from radiating through the room. 

6. If the radiator has adjustable directional grilles, slant them down¬ 
ward so that the heat will pour out over the lower part of the room 
before it rises. 

7. In unheated storage rooms, use any orates or boxes stored in those 
rooms as insulation by staoking them up against the outside wall. 

8. If there are any large expanses of wall in the home, particularly 

on the side of the house that gets the most winter wind, hang tapestries, 
drapes, or large rugs on these walls, if practicable. 


8-1594-p33-'> u 





- 2 - 


9. Keep all grilles and duots that transport heat through the house or 
into a room clean and free from obstructions. 

10. If a hot air blower is located near an entrance, aim its radiation 
away from the doorway, and downward, so that it does not foroibly blow 
warm air to the outside. 

11. Pull down all shades at ni$it, and draw all draperies to cover as 
much of the window area as possible. 

12. If the home has shutters, close them at night, or during cold winds, 
in order to minimire the effect of the direct wind pressure against the 
house. 

13. Keep garages only as warm as is necessary to the safety of the auto¬ 
mobile. 

14. Do not waste hot water. Use it sparingly; keep hot water faucets 
and pipes in good repair and use the hot water heater efficiently. 

16. If some heat is released in the basement or cellar, make it accessible 
to the rest of the house by keeping the inside basement door open, or 
allowing it to pass through special grilles placed in the floor. The 
objective of heat distribution is to get the heat used principally in 
rooms where the family spends most of its time. 

16. Do not cool rooms by opening windows and flooding the area with oold 
air. Instead, adjust the amount of heat that comes into the room in the 
first place and thus conserve both on fuel consumption and heat usage. 

On the Heating Plant ... 

1. Control heat output. Each degree above the temperature actually 
needed for comfort wastes approximately Z% of the total fuel you use. 

2. Make sure heating system is clean and in good condition. 

Oil and Gas Burners : 

Cleern the flue passages; with oil burners this should 
be done at least once, and possibly three or four times, a 
year. Make a complete combustion checkup. You may be losing 
too much costly heat up the chimney. See that the draft regu¬ 
lator is properly adjusted. Seal all air leaks. 

Coal Burners ; 

Clean the chimney, flue passages, fire pot, and interior 
parts with a flue brush. Repair air leaks in the smokepipe. 


8-1594-p34-bu 





- 3 - 


furnaoe doors, and other parts with insulating cement* Re¬ 
place broken or rusted dampers, and warped, broken, or 
burned-out grates. Make sure the thermostat and stoker, if 
you have them, are correctly adjusted. 

3. Have suitable devices installed to control drafts and keep fuel 
consumption at a minimum. 

4. Call a heating expert now (but don’t fret if he can’t show up im¬ 
mediately), and at least once during the heating season, to see that 
your heating plant is functioning efficiently. Early attention will save 
fuel this winter and may avoid costly repairs. 



8-1594-p36-bu 


HANDLING THE PROGRAM 


The Job for Information 


Self-evidently, the task here is to encourage everyone in a position 
to do so to get started early on the work that should be done around the house 
to prepare it for cold weather. 

Those who own their own homes can, of course, be more easily spurred 
to action than those who rent or lease, for the cash savings which may be made 
over a period of time through reduced fuel bills usually more than pay for the 
cost of heat-sealing the building. 

Yet tenants may often persuade landlords to improve their property 
by making it more winter-tight, and in cases of apartments, etc., where the 
owner supplies the heat the savings argument can be used. Or an understanding 
can be reached between tenant and landlord to share the cost on some mutually 
agreeable basis; it's often worth a little more each month to have a more 
comfortable abode. 

Then, too, there are a number of things that can be done at little 
or no cost, whether the occupant is owner or tenant. One of the most effec¬ 
tive is to get the heating plant cleaned up, adjusted, repaired or improved 
with new controls and other fuel-saving devices. 

Copy Slants 

Copy on the "Winterproof Your Home" program naturally should stress 
these little - or-no- oo st and do-it-yourself angles, as well as the investment 
wisdom of spending a dollar now to get the dollar back several times over in 
fuel savings. A strong patriotic overtone likewise can be given the appeals, 
for the importance of fuel in winning the war can readily be made apparent, 
and every bit saved on the home front helps keep 'em rolling on the fighting 
front. 

Thus, the two main appeals can be summarized in the slogans: 

FUEL FIGHTS FOR FREEDOM - CONSERVE IT 

KEEP WARM NEXT WINTER - HEAT-SEAL YOUR HOME NOW 

In preparing news articles, radio material, eto., it is suggested 
that the information be presented as specifically, yet non-teohnioally, as 
possible. "How to" articles, advising exactly what should be done with 
insulation, storm sash, weather-stripping, calking, furnace-conditioning, 
etc., should prove helpful. The data in the foregoing outline was prepared 
with these points in mind. 


8-1594-p36 -bu 





Timing 


As is also self-evident, this program should be carried on through¬ 
out the warm months and well into the heating season, or until suoh time as 
further demands upon suppliers of materials or services might boomerang* 

Even then, the campaign can well swing over to one of stressing 
such "do-it-yourself" measures as taping windows, cleaning furnaces, pulling 
down window shades, cutting off superfluous rooms, etc. 

For additional information, write* 

Office of Program Coordination 
OFFICE OF MR INFORMATION 
Social Security Building 
Washington, D. C. 



For quotation in program material : 


PREPARE KDW IOR WINTER 
(A Statement "by Secretary Ickes) 


War bring* with it unprecedented demands for fuel of all kinds. Vast 
quantities of coal, oil, gas and other fuels are needed to keep the Nation's 
war plants producing, its railroads and motor vehicles rolling, and it6 ship 
ploughing the Seven Seas. 

The staggering burdens placed upon transport facilities and industry 
inevitably create fuel shortages. This year, as the third winter of war 
approaches, we mast face the grim prospect that when cold weather comes, the 
fuel situation will become more acute. In some localities it may be danger¬ 
ously critical. 

To meet unprecedented demands for coal the Nation's mines have been 
ordered to operate six full days a week. They must have a steady flow of 
orders throu^iout the summer, if these mines are to attain the goal set for 
production of 600 , 000,000 tons of bituminous coal and 65 , 000,000 tons of 
anthracite in 1943. Railroads and trucks must move a substantial part of 
this tonnage while rolling stock is free and the movement of farm products is 
comparatively ligfrt. Mines cannot store coal and then ship it when orders 
are received, nor can railroads permit storage of coal in cars. It must be 
mined and shipped immediately, which means that when orders are not received 
most mines must shut down. 

Industrial and domestic consumers of coal have a grave responsibility 
this summer. Coal must be ordered and users must take delivery as the coal can 
be supplied. Industry must maintain production by ordering coal now and pro¬ 
viding storage space for adequate supplies. 

The householder has the responsibility of protecting hie family's 
health by making sure that his home will be warm next winter. He can do this 
by ordering coal now for delivery later. "Hand to mouth" buying must be sus¬ 
pended for the duration and car-lot buyers must again this year guard against 
shortages which will result as increased demand for war material comes. 

The retail coal dealers, with the miners and producers of coal, 
have done a tremendous job since the war started. That job must be continued. 
Nothing must occur that will curtail the delivery of coal from the mines to 
the consumer. The one way to safeguard against a breakdown in the coal distri¬ 
bution system is to order coal early. 

Fuel oil, too, will be ti^it this winter as was the case last year 
and the principal reason for the shortage will continue to be transportation. 
Althou^i auxiliary transport such as pipelines and barges will help, these by 
no means can solve the problem. So your government asks you to act now to get 
ready for next winter. In case you have oil-fired equipment, remember that 
production of new equipment has been stopped for the duration. Therefore, 
have your entire heating plant checked over now. If cleaning, adjustments, 
or repairs are necessary, make them. You then can be sure of having an 


8-1594-p38-bu 



efficient unit ready whenever needed, to deliver the maximum heat with the 
minimum amount of fuel. As final steps before winter comes, fill out and re¬ 
turn your ration application promptly after you receive it from your local 
ration hoard, then fill up your tank within the limits of the QPA rationing 
schedule. If everyone in the shortage area does this it will provide a great 
deal of additional storage space and help build up fuel oil inventories against 
heavy winter withdrawals. 

And no matter what type of fuel you use, there are a number of things 
you can do to winterproof your home so as to get substantially more heat and 
comfort from lees fuel. Your house may need insulation to check the loss of 
heat through walls or ceilings or both. Weatherstripping or caulking of win¬ 
dows, installation of storm sash and doors, and like measures, can make a sur¬ 
prising difference in your winter-time comfort, while saving as much as *40 per 
cent in fuel, Thus you protect yourself against fuel shortages and help make 
the total -supply go farther. 

So, I repeat, get more heat from less fuel this winter with insulation, 
weathers tripping and caulking of windows, with storm sash and doors and similar 
improvements to your home. By so doing, you help your country and yourself. 


* * * 


NELSON ADVISES M GET BEADY DOB WINTER” 


Heat, like many other things that we formerly took for granted, has 
become a most precious commodity and will remain so during the balance of the 
war. 

As a nation we have just traveled through a major heating crisis. 

For some Americans the past winter has been highly uncomfortable, due to fuel 
supply difficulties. 

Now - while several months of warm weather lie ahead of us - is the 
period during which every home owner and occupant should condition his home so 
that it will hold the heat as efficiently as possible next winter. 

Every home in the nation that uses heat should be thoroughly checked 
for possible points of heat escape, and each spot remedied. After application 
of insulation, storm sash and doors, weatherstripping, caulking and other agents, 
the home occupant can face the winter with the confidence that he will get the 
greatest benefit from the fuel he burns. 

Such action cm the part of the home owner or occupant, now, is going 
to assure his family greater comfort and health next fall and winter - and will 
be a highly significant contribution to national wartime conservation. 

Donald N. Nelson 

Chaizaan, War Production Board 


8-1594-p39-bu 



is probably supplying an even larger proportion of the energy utilized. Coal 
is required in the manufacture and transportation of the great bulk of the war 
supplies being manufactured in this country for our own use and for our Allies. 

It is the basic source of heat and power for industrial and domestic use. Also 
it is the source of raw materials for many vital military and civilian goods, 
such as steel, explosives, chemicals and medicines. 

Because of the war, it is estimated that 1943 use of coal (as compared 
to 1942) will be increased 11,OCX),000 tons by the railroads, 10,000,000 tons by 
steam-electric generating plants, 12,000,000 tons by the iron and steel manu¬ 
facturing industry, 3,000,000 tons by domestic heating and similar requirements 
and 10,000,000 tons by other uses, chiefly in manufacturing plants where war 
goods are an ever-increasing part of their output. These represent additional 
requirements over coal consumed in these classifications last year. As of July, 
I943, reported conversions from fuel oil alone, since the start of the conversion 
campaign, totaled the equivalent of approximately 15,000,000 tons of coal. 

In the face of these rapidly enlarging requirements, the War has acted 
to limit the soft coal industry's capacity to supply fuel severely. Seasons for 
this include: 


a. Coal mines suffered an estimated net loss of approximately 60,000 
experienced men in 1942 and more men are being drained off constantly to the 
armed services and other industries; also shortages of new and replacement 
equipment, doe to the critical materials involved, limit productivity. 

b. In the field of transportation, manpower and equipment shortages 
restrict the ability of the railroads to move coal from the mines; all their 
available equipment must be used to capacity every month in the year if the coal 
the Nation requires in 1943 is to be moved. Moreover, a number of emergencies 
in connection with coal transportation have already arisen, due to the War, and 
more can reasonably be expected. The railroads are heavily burdened with enor¬ 
mous masses of other war freight as well as men and consequently are carrying 
their huge additional coal burden under heavy handicaps. 

c. Retail dealers have suffered such severe manpower losses and have 
had so much difficulty in replacing equipment that their capacity to distribute 
coal has been restricted. They must utilize their manpower and equipment evenly 
throu^iout the year, in the "off-seasons" as well as during the burning season, 

if they are to deliver the coal this year to their millions of domestic customers. 
In the heating season, even if the retail dealer were able to get sufficient 
coal delivered to him to supply his customers' needs as they burned it, it is 
unlikely that he could deliver it in 1943. The load must be spread evenly over 
each month. 


3. What has been done and what is being done by Government and industry to 

help the situation? 

The coal industry is cooperating to the fullest extent with the 
Government to do everything in its power to provide sufficient coal at the 
places and times required for the successful prosecution of the war. 


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Among the outstanding changes effected by this joint action to meet 
wartime coal requirements are: 

a. By agreement of mine operators and union labor, the 35“kour ^ ase 
work week of the industry has been extended to 42 hours, thereby making possible 
the hi^ier production rates of recent months in spite of further manpower losses. 

b. By the cooperation of mines, railroads, water carriers and shippers, 
movement and return of railroad coal car equipment has been speeded and cars' are 
being loaded to the fullest extent, thereby giving the maximum use of available 
equipment. 


c. New transportation routes have been developed and alternative ones 
have been utilized where necessary to keep coal moving with the least possible 
interference to the war program. 

d. By continuous and careful planning, coal has been made available 
for all new war needs as these have arisen. 

e. The industry and the Government are embarking on a joint campaign 
to secure the cooperation of consumers in ordering and stocking coal when it is 
available, thereby reducing the demand peak in the fall and winter seasons. 
Every ton produced, moved and stored during the summer months will be that much 
protection against possible fall and winter wartime disruptions for the con¬ 
sumer so protected. 


4. What should the consumer do? 

The voluntary cooperation of all coal consumers is essential to the 
success of the 1943 coal program, as indicated in the foregoing. Every consumer 
who fails to do his part not only threatens his own fuel safety but endangers 
the entire program. Victory for the United Nations will depend in no small 
part upon the munitions in whose manufacture coal is vital. The consumer who 
neglects to provide for his own protection when the coal is available may be 
undermining the steady flow of coal for the war program. 

The coal program embraces both industrial and domestic coal consumers. 
Its s ugge stions are directed not only at the regular users of coal but to those 
who are planning conversion to coal. 

Each consumer can cooperate effectively by following the appropriate 
suggestions below: 


For Industrial Users 

1 . Contract for, or order your coal as soon as possible. 

2. Allow your supplier the fullest possible latitude as to size and kind 
of coal, shipping or delivery schedules, and type of transportation 
equipment used. 


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3. Seize every opportunity to build stockpiles to the following levels: 

a. Essential mr industries-from 90 to 120 days' supply. 

b. Other industrial users-from 60 to 90 days’ supply. 

4. Hhen stock pile is built to adequate size, keep it that way as long as 
coal is available. It is your best insurance against an emergency. 


For Domestic Users 

(This includes householders, hotels, theaters, stores, museums, small 
industries, etc.) 

1. Order coal now. Store as much this summer as local conditions allow. 

2. Cooperate with your dealer. Allow him the fullest possible latitude as 
to size and kind of coal and delivery arrangements. 


Appendix "C" 


BASIC STATEMENT OF TOE 2T7XL WOOD SITOATION 


1. What 1 b the current fuel Mood situation in the United States! 

Hie adequacy of the fuel wood supply varies throughout the country 
and conditions of stringency exist in several areas. 

Hie most critical current reported conditions of shortage exist in 
the following areas: 

, a. The New England States and New York. 

b. The Ihr Western States of Washington, Oregon, California 
and Idaho. 

c. The Tokft States of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. 

Preliminary reports from New England and New York indicate that 
catting of fuel wood may be 25 to 50 per cent below normal. Ta k in g 1941 con¬ 
sumption of fuel wood in the three areas as normal at the estimated figure of 
21,470,000 cords, a drop of 25 per cent would result in a reduction of 5,367,000 
cords below ordinary needs, the equivalent of approximately 4,025,625 tons of 
coal. Actually, the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture had esti¬ 
nted 1943 requirements in these three areas at 27,870,000 cords, based upon 
the decreased amount of fuel oil available and the assumption that many fuel 
oil users in districts where wood is accessible would convert to wood. 

Unless necessity forces an entirely different approach to the wood 
problem, it is unlikely that fuel wood shortages, which put added burdens upon 
the supply of other fuels, will be relieved materially in 1943 because: 

a. Shortages of labor on farms, from which a large part of the wood 
supply comes, and among woodcutters are likely to continue or become worse. 

b. Equipment deficiencies, including tools and hauling equipment, 
may continue because of the shortages of critical materials. 

c. Mill waste, in those sections where this is an important part of 
the fuel wood supply, is being increasingly used locally for industrial purposes. 


2. What is the background of this condition? 

Wood foraed the prinary fuel of the Nation for both domestic and 
industrial used until it was supplanted gradually by coal. Fuel wood consumption 
increased until the 1870's when both quantitively and relatively to the use of 
other fuels it began to decline. 

Today wood is used as fuel in some industrial and *er plants located 
in the lumbering areas where mill waste and similar materials are readily avail¬ 
able. Its greatest use, however, is as a domestic fuel in rural farm and in 





rural non-farm hones in well wooded sections of the country. There are some 
urban centers, particularly in the Northwest lumbering area, where it finds a 
substantial outlet as a domestic fuel. For the Nation as a whole, it ranks 
third (after coal and oil) as a home fuel. The 19*40 Census showed that wood 
was the principal heating fuel in nearly 8,000,000 homes. Nearly two-thirds of 
the rural farm homes and from 13.9 to 42.5 P* r cent, depending on the section, 
of the rural non-farm homes use it. In the West 15.4 per cent of the urban 
homes used wood as a fuel and in the South 14.8 per cent used it. In the north 
urban use was in 1.5 per cent of the h om e s. 

Because wood is bulky aal its transportation is costly, its use as 
a fuel is essentially local, ficcept where the fuel wood supply is a by-product 
of the lumbering industry, most fuel wood is cut in fara woodlots and sold in 
the immediate neighborhood. 

Most of the blame for the present stringency of fuel wood stqaplies is 
laid upon manpower shortages, which afflict most industry similarly. Ihrmers, 
already pressed to increase production of agricultural and an i m a l products, 
lave elicited their output of fuel wood. 

Beports indicate that a good deal of wood cut, which is materially 
improved as fuel by being permitted to season six months or more, has been used 
currently instead of being stored for use next winter. 

A cord of seasoned wood is equivalent to form half a ton to a ton of 
coal, depending on the type of tree from which it is cut. Wood shortages tend 
to increase the consumption of coal because those who might use wood are forced 
to substitute coal as fuel. 

The places where the wood supply is considered adequate are in those 
farm or rural non-farm areas where the climate is mild, as in the south, and 
where the fuel user can secure his own supply himself. 

The Agriculture Department's Forest Service estimates that a nnu al 
consumption of fuel wood, prior to 1942, approximated 71,000,000 cords. It 
estimates consumption requirements for 1943 at 86,000,000 cords although, under 
present conditions, it does not expect production to reach that figure. 


3. What has been done and what ie being done ab<*it the situation by Government 

and Industry? 

Because of the diffuse and local character of the industry, direct 
contacts with any large segment are very difficult. Federal Government repre¬ 
sentatives are working with state and local officials, where possible, in an 
attempt to stimulate fuel wrod output. 

Other steps taken to increase output and to protect the supply have 

included: 

a. Changes in ceil'jag prices on fuel wood where essential to increase 
production. 




b. Employment of prison labor to cut fuel wood in the State of Wash¬ 
ington, a project which is proving helpful. 

c. Encouragement of attempts to stimulate local community action or 
action by clubs and other groups to organize consumers and volunteers to utilize 
available time in cutting wood for next winter*s use. 

d. Encouragement in following sound conservation policies in fuel 
wood cutting to avoid unnecessary waste of wood valuable for other purposes and 
to actually improve the remaining stand of timber. 

e. Preparation for the institution of rationing of fuel wood in Wash¬ 
ington, Oregon and certain northern counties of Idaho, if that becomes necessary. 


4. What can the consumer doT 


The fuel wood consumer should: 

a. Make every attempt to secure his supply of wood for next winter, 
building up his stockpile in the months when he can secure the wood and season 
it. 

b. Exercise ingenuity in devising ways to make sure of his wood supply 
even to the extent, there possible, of cutting it himself or making arrangements 
to have it cut and delivered. 

The person living in an area there fuel wood is available should: 

a. Consider substitutiug it for less available fuels. 

b. Use it, there possible, as a supplementary fuel, as in fireplaces 
and stoves, to relieve the strain upon production and transportation of other 
fuels as much as possible. 


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